Friday, 17 October 2014

Computer Ethics: Online Privacy

Online Privacy is  the privacy and security level of personal data & information published via the Internet. It is used to protect a number of things; sensitive and private data, communications, and preferences.

Online privacy is vital to computer users and a current cause of concern for anyone planning; an online purchase, visit a social networking site, participate in online games or attend forums.
Privacy violations and threat risks are standard considerations for any website under development.

What are the risks?
Online privacy risks include:

- Phishing; A Internet hacking activity used to steal secure user data, including username, password, bank account number, security PIN or credit card number.
- Pharming: used to redirect a legitimate website visitor to a different IP address.
                                            
                                                           ... Both are Internet hacking activities
       
- Spyware: An offline application that obtains data without a user's consent. When the computer is online, previously acquired data is sent to the spyware source.
- Malware: An application used to illegally damage online and offline computer users through Trojans, viruses and spyware.

Example: If a password is revealed, a victim's identity may be illegally used or stolen.
A Twitter/Facebook user could get their account hacked (illegally) This could lead to sharing of private information, publishing of violent or abusive language etc. Making out as if the user is committing the crime.

How private is your information online? i-Cloud?
i-Cloud is a storage device used by the highest percentage of people around the world. It is seemed to be very convenient however it has been announced by experts that it should not be used for any emails or photos that are wanted to be kept private. For this reason they recommend people change their passwords at least 'once every three months' and when doing financial transactions and to use the Internet through hard wire instead of Wi-fi. With wifi being wireless hackers are more persuaded to violate accounts easily without anyone noticing.

iCloud seems to be as secure as ever, but the safest way to keep sensitive information secret is to not sync it with iCloud or any other online service (social networking sites inc.). If you have “sensitive” pictures you want to keep private, turn off Photo Stream and they won’t be sent to iCloud and will only live on your device. The best form of security is you just like any service, iCloud is only as secure as you help it to be




“Even though someone doesn't know your password, they can reset the password to something they know and once they do that, they’ve got you”

Companies hold information about you it is up to you what you share and give out but once it's given the companies has it forever. They shold have to ask your permission to share your information however in some sercomstances, this is not the case. Companines and networks hold many thousands of data, it is under their control what they do with it.

"You own all of the content and information you post on Facebook, and you can control how it is shared through your privacy and application settings."

Monday, 13 October 2014

Computer Ethics: Freedom of Speech

Freedom of Speech is a persons right to express their opinion and ideas publicly without interference and restrictions from the government. Freedom of Speech is part of the Human Rights Law and is recognised around the world in each political and international Right article.

It is for 'Everyone to have the right to free their opinion and expression' weather that's:
- To hold opinions without interference
- the right to seek information and ideas
- the right to receive information and ideas
- the right to impart information and ideas
                                                                 ... through any media type:
- be it orally
- written
- printed
- via the Internet (social networks)
- through art forms

How free is YOUR speech on the Internet?
Statements have been made that the Internet is found to be a 'free speech zone'. The government have said they can no more restrict a person's access to words or images on the Internet. An example given: ' It's no different than being allowed to snatch a book out of a reader's hands in the library, or to cover a statue in a museum.'

Can I limit access - as a parent?
Many people including parents are truly concerned about what their children can view and access on the Internet. To limit this special programs 'Web filters' can be installed. This will automatically block access to Web sites that are unsuitable for children.
  
- - - Twitters' Story - - -
Twitters idea of Freedom of Speech is to protect their users' right to speak freely and maintain their ability to contest about their private information revealed. Twitter have said they may need to release information required by law, but we try to notify Twitter Users before sharing their information to give them a chance to stop us, if they feel necessary.
 
Prosecution for online behaviour: Federal authorities are involved in prosecuting a variety of computer based crimes.
- Language           - Pictures  

Friday, 10 October 2014

Computer Ethics: Netiquette

Netiquette is a set of rules for web users around world regarding the use of online language and how to behave towards other Internet users.

Common example of rules suggested:

  • Avoid using capital letters (seen as SHOUTING)
  • Keep emails short, to the point
  • Do not insult other people, as this could be saved and forwarded to them
  • Do not send large attachments without warning, this would fill up their mailbox and stop further mail being delivered

  • The Copyright Designs & Patents Act

    The Copyright Designs & Patents Act gives creators of media rights to control how their music, books, video and software are used and distributed by others.

    Limitations of Copyright:
    When you buy software, music, books etc the copyright law forbids you from:
    • giving a copy to a friend
    • making a copy and selling it
    • using the software on a network/Web
    • renting the software without the permission of the copyright holder (publisher) 
    Protection:
    The software industry has set up an organisation called FAST to try to prevent users from breaking copyright law. Copyright offenders can be prosecuted and sent to prison if caught. It is a CRIME.

    Thursday, 9 October 2014

    Computer Misuse Act

    The computer misuse act deals with misuse of computers and communications systems in several forms. It is designed to protect users from attacks and theft of information. Offences include;
    - unauthorised access to computer material
    - unauthorised access with Internet to commit or facilitate a crime
    - unauthorised modification of computer material
    - making, supplying or obtaining anything which can be used in computer misuse offences

    Penalty Levels of Computer Misuse Act:
    Offence level  -  Penalty
              1            -  up to Six months in prison / hefty fine
              2            -  up to Five year prison sentence / hefty fine
              3            -  up to Five year prison sentence / hefty fine
              3a          -  up to Five year prison sentence / unlimited fine